Monday, April 9, 2012

Know Your Audience; Know Your Purpose part 1

It’s taken a while to write this post. To be honest, the first two steps of writing I talk about with my students seem the most obvious. Much has been said about them, in more detail, in more clever ways, in more profound ways . . . well, you get the picture.

The first two steps I talk about are about the conversation of writing: know your audience, and know your purpose. To put it another way, who are you writing to and what are you wanting to say? You’re not just throwing out words into the void (or at least you hope not. “Ground control to Major Tom . . .”). You may not be able to see the person on the other end of the conversation, but you ARE having a conversation, and some of the rules of good conversation also apply to good writing. So first, who are you writing to?

To best answer that, let’s look at commercials. If you turn on the Hallmark Channel, you might get sappy commercials for exotic cruises and romantic getaways that you can share with your spouse to put the spark back into your marriage (I don’t watch the Hallmark channel, so I’m only guessing). Turn on ESPN, and there are Nike shoe commercials, Reebok clothing commercials,
commercials for sports drinks that make your sweat orange and purple as you stare like a wild animal into your opponent’s face, growling, and then shatter them into a million pieces as you dunk a basketball over their heads and apply Speedstick to your underarms simultaneously. Or, turn on Fox, and watch multiple gold investment commercials, retirement commercials, commercials for erectile dysfunction and better bladder control, or how you can call a law firm to sue a company that misapplied a surgical mesh.

Here’s what these commercials on these different channels all have in common: they know their audience, or more specifically, what makes them tick. They know their interests, hobbies, and fears based on things like their age, gender, geographic area, economic status, education, race, religious preference, or sexual preference. They know how to push the buttons of greed, security, desire, coolness. In short, they know their audiences very well. By trial and error, and sometimes market research, they have learned not to advertise sports cars on Nickelodeon, or Lucky Charms on CNN. It’s the wrong demographic.

Effective communication to your audience will take these differences into consideration. If you’re writing to a general audience, use multiple illustrations that appeal to a variety of audiences (i.e. don’t always use sports illustrations). I try to give a lot of movie examples, because it seems to be an area of cultural common ground (though I may be shutting out those who don’t watch movies). Overall, this works well, though I’ve had a couple audiences where no one had seen Titanic, Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, or Forrest Gump. I try to vary male and female pronouns as I give illustrations, and try to give examples specific to the area where I live.

Taking these differences into consideration, and finding examples that communicate well to different demographics may seem basic, but it seems to be worth addressing. It’s easy to become myopic.

For this section, here’s the bottom line: writing is a conversation between two or more people. As the writer, we bring our preferences, individuality, and experiences to the writing, but our readers bring theirs as well. The more variety we can use in the illustrations and examples we use to communicate our ideas, the more bridges we build between different demographic groups.

Saturday, March 10, 2012

Steps of Writing Part 1: The Shortest Distance is Not a Line

Writing is messy.

Anyone who tells you otherwise . . . is lying.

The shortest distance between two points is a straight line. Mathematically, that makes sense. However, life turns out to be much different. When I was five, I wanted to be an astronaut. My dad and stepmom made me a “space ship” out of a cardboard refrigerator box. They placed it on the patio out the back door, cut out a door, and helped me decorate the outside of my ship. The
coloring was largely up to me, which was why it ended up being a fairly plain spaceship. They also made me a space vest out of a brown paper bag, and used another paper bag as a space helmet. (If space suits were only so easy and cheap, NASA would have had an easier time funding their space program). Once they helped me suit up, I hugged my dad and stepmom goodbye (there would be no tears), climbed into my space ship, and was off to see the stars. Shortly after
the very loud liftoff which involved a lot of mouth noises and spitting, I was off into the atmosphere.

Space, though, can be pretty turbulent. My ship rocked, buffeting me from inside my craft, and nearly knocked me off my seat. I loved it. I was off to see the planets, the stars, the universe . . . all I needed was my imagination and some cardboard, and my dad providing the effects. It was
a great day.

A couple days later I wanted to return to my spaceship, but my dad was at work and my stepmom wouldn’t come outside. Once again I climbed inside the cardboard box turned galactic explorer, but without my dad outside, space was a much smoother--and much more boring--ride. A week later a rainstorm hit while my spaceship was outside, and since it was made of flimsy stuff, it
soon fell apart. Still, the dream to become an astronaut lived on. When we moved from Illinois, I told friends to watch the skies, because someday I would be waving at them from inside my spaceship far overhead. A few years after that, the Challenger exploded, and as I watched the pensive expression on the newscaster’s face, I realized that something in me, and in our nation, had died. We weren’t invincible. Going to space wasn’t without real risk. Pursuing this dream could come at great cost. As I watched the footage of that explosion again and again, my dream of becoming an astronaut, along with a number of my friends’ dreams, went up in flames.

Sometimes we plan out where we will be five years from now, ten years from now, twenty years from now. Our guidance counselors tell us we need a plan; our parents tell us we need a plan; sometimes we have personalities that just feel better about having a plan.

And then there are surprises and twists along the way. Someone dies. A family moves. The transcript wasn’t accepted. We find out we’re not going to be with our high school/college sweetheart. We end up pregnant/divorced/unemployed. We get the thing we wanted, and realize it wasn’t what we wanted after all.

Just like life, writing takes us places we didn’t envision when we set out. It has its share of surprises, its twists. We can try to plan our story out and then bully it into submission to fit into our original framework, creating huge amounts of stress for ourselves and the people around us; or, we can hold on with white knuckled dread, hoping that if we close our eyes and just keep writing we’ll end up with a good story and it’ll all end happily; or we can enjoy the surprises, holding on loosely as a character does something unexpected, realizing they’re outside our control (and it’s better that way), and let it take on more of a life of its own. If we’re working with an idea or research paper and hit a dead end, we can step back, rethink, and try a new direction.

When I sit down to write, it’s intimidating. That feeling of fear and inadequacy hasn’t gone away yet, and from what I read and hear from others who write, it doesn’t go away for them either, no matter how much they’ve written or how good of writers they are. What does help, however, is knowing that I have the freedom to not get it right the first time, or the second, or sometimes even the third or fourth. I don’t remember where I heard this, probably from William Zinsser’s On Writing Well, but here is what the dictum states: “There are no good writers, only good rewriters.” Writing is messy. Life is messy. In writing, as in life, the adventures and surprises are what make the journey interesting. Most mistakes aren’t irreversible.

One more final image—I like this one—and then I’m done. Sometimes we keep coming to the same things, either events in life, or keep seeing and seeing again our writing. It feels like a loop that we can’t get out of, the nightmarish Groundhog’s Day. However, a friend described it as climbing the steps of a lighthouse. Each time you see the same image, but then you see a little
more. You get a better perspective on what you’re seeing, adding to it every time. The first time you look out the window of the lighthouse, you can see the edge of the cliff at the border of the lighthouse yard; the second time, you see the cliff, but then you see the sand on the beach just beyond the cliff, and the little boy playing with his pail and trying to catch starfish; the third
time you see the cliff, the boy on the beach, and the white fishing boat, battling the choppy waters, bucking like a wild bull; and the fourth time you see the cliff, the boy on the beach, the fishing boat cutting the water, and the distant horizon of endless sea, as smooth as glass as the sun dips down into the water, setting everything ablaze in a brilliant pinkish red twilight.

Monday, February 27, 2012

The Importance of Good Communication

Communication is hard. Strike that. Good communication is really hard. It may not be
difficult to yell, or bully, or pontificate, but to understand someone else and be understood, to share who you are, what you think, what you feel, how you see the world in a way that someone can see it clearly . . . now that’s difficult.

I was a kid trying to tell my parents it was going to rain. I don’t know why I was so excited about it, but I ran into the living room of our trailer where my dad and stepmom were talking, and tried to explain what I had seen: a dark cloud moving across the sky, growing, piling on top of other
clouds, about to break open with rain.

What I said was this: “The sky told me it was going to rain.”

“This guy?”

“No. The sky.” They asked me to explain it again, and then again. Soon they were laughing . . . it became a big joke. I waved my arms frantically, jumping up and down, trying to explain it in a different way, but they laughed harder. I burst into tears, and an emptiness opened up inside: a
gnawing, hungry desire that would never be satisfied. I wanted them to understand me.

Present day. I’m in a classroom.

“Why is it important to communicate?” I ask. “What happens when we miscommunicate?”
At first I get blank stares, and then the wheels begin turning. Soon a student ventures forth, “Things don’t get done.”

Me: Like what?

Student 1: I dunno. Grades. Work?

“Okay,” I say. “That’s good.”

Student 2 adds, “Relationships break down. People get hurt.”

“Good again.”

Student 3 has a smile spreading across his face. It’s a good one. Yeah, he’s got it. “War,” he says. That will end the conversation for sure.

“Yes,” I agree. “If communication breaks down, it can lead to war.” The student gets a high five from another classmate.

Let’s back up. Miscommunication can be fairly harmless (“‘Who’s’ on first, ‘What’s’ on second, and ‘I don’t know’ is on third base”). But usually it’s more damaging. If a road construction crew doesn’t communicate to traffic that a bridge is out up ahead, someone could go off the road. If directions to a party are miscommunicated the friends never arrive. If prescribed medication
is miscommunicated between a doctor and nurse, the patient may not get enough medication, or may overdose. If an organization doesn’t communicate well, it breeds distrust and inefficiency. If a couple doesn’t communicate well they don’t stay married. If nations don’t communicate well they may find themselves at war.

On the other hand, clear construction signs give us fair warning that something’s not right up ahead. Good communication means the friends make it to the party, the patient is given the medicine they need, the organization runs well and is successful, the couple communicate well and feel connected, and the nations negotiate peace.

How important is it that we communicate well? Very important.

Then why is communication so difficult?

Here’s an idea. If we could do telepathy, we could take the images, thoughts, experiences, and feelings out of our minds and put them in someone else’s. They would see what we see, know what we know, experience and feel what we experience and feel. It would be amazing, an invention that would revolutionize how we live and relate.

But we can’t, and so we are limited by language to communicate what we see, know, experience and feel.

For example, I may have an image of a car. It’s silver, a two door coupe, and runs on electric or hydrogen. You have an image of what I’m talking about, and I guarantee on some level that it’s not the same. However, we can still understand enough about what we’re talking about to get the
general idea that riding on a country road in a fast car on winding curves is exhilarating; it’s what car commercials use to capture our imaginations . . . and sell their cars.

We carry our baggage, our experiences, our worldviews into every conversation. When I say the word “father,” someone may remember the time they went fishing with their dad, or played baseball, or wrestled together, and how it was a great bonding experience. Another may think of “father” and remember the drunk who came home late at night and hit their mom, hit them, or
worse, and feel anxiety or anger at the mention of the word.

Father. It’s one word, but has two drastically different emotional connotations.

Language is a broken tool, or at the very least it’s loaded with “baggage”, our positive or negative experiences, our culture, gender, faith, age, education, geography . . . and so on. I’ll never see exactly what you’re talking about or what you mean, and you won’t see exactly what I mean,
but we can get close enough to communicate, to understand fairly well, and get along if we give each other a good dose of grace along the way.

So what is writing? Writing is anything that seeks to communicate with someone else, whether it be a novel, an email, a memo, or a grocery list. Writing at its core is communication (not the only kind, and maybe not even the best) between two or more people. Right now I’m having a
conversation with you. I can’t see you, and I don’t know you yet, but we’re having a relationship, wherever you are. You’ve been listening as I’ve talked, and you may be responding by thinking about what I’m saying, picturing the two door sports car and how you’d like to be up in the mountains in Colorado driving it, or remembering your relationship with your dad. Maybe you’re
writing notes, asking questions, getting angry. It means you’re engaged in the conversation.

So here’s the point: writing is communication, it’s conversation, it’s relational. Since writing is communication, good things happen when we write well. Bad things might happen if we don’t write well. At the very least, bad writing, poorly communicated writing will create a comedy
of errors, grumpy looks, and confusion.

Next time I’ll talk more about what I share with my students about the steps of writing, and then I’d like to take a look “under the hood” to talk with other writers and their journeys to communicate well.

Wednesday, February 22, 2012

Words Have Power

"You're such a screw up."

"I wish you'd never been born."

"I was never meant to raise someone else's kid."

Words destroy.

"I love you."

"I'm sorry. Can you forgive me?"

"You really did well with that. You're so neat. Good job."

Words heal.

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." (John 1:1)

"In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth." (Genesis 1:1)

Words give life.

At the foundation of reality lies the spoken word. Some physicists say that in the tenth dimension, everything that exists is reduced to sound waves. It may not be too much of a stretch to think those "sounds" could be words (or song). Words have power. We have the ability to create life or destroy it. Maybe not always literally, but definitely figuratively, and sometimes—who knows—even literally.

I remember a friend in fourth grade. We were in band: he played saxophone, I played the French horn. His parents were going through a divorce. He was always talking. One day we got in an argument, and I wanted him to just stop talking. I said something about his parents getting divorced. The silence between us continued forever after that. His mother yelled at me through her tears, his older brother and his friends stood around every corner, threatening to beat me up, and when I tried to talk with him after that, all I got was stony silence. His eyes revealed nothing, except a wall to hide whatever hurt was inside. I tried to apologize, but by then the damage had been done.

Over a decade later I was still haunted by that conversation. I looked him up through some different friends, got his phone number, and gave him a call.

"Hello?"

"Hi. J___? Do you remember me?"

"Remember the conversation we had in fourth grade?"

"Yeah. I remember."

"For what it's worth, I'm sorry. Will you forgive me?"

Silence, then, "Yeah. No problem. That's water under the bridge."

Another scenario.

It was late at night, my uncle had gone to bed hours before, and my aunt and I sat on the couch in the living room, talking. "Nothing good happens in my life," I said.

My aunt was silent a moment, building up steam for what was about to come next. "That's not true. Remember the time we came and got you and you came to live with us?" She continued over the next hour, walking me through several moments in my life that I had been rescued, or kept from some pain, or had received a reward or affirmation. As she talked, something shifted in me. I no longer saw my life as a big tragedy, no longer cast myself in the role of an unwanted child, but saw moments of protection on my life, favor . . . and grace. It was an incredibly healing moment, a night that has changed the direction of my life.

If words have that much power, then we should use them well. My dad used to say, "If you can speak well, you can influence a generation; if you can write well, you can influence a hundred generations." If our words have power, which they do, to heal or destroy, then we owe it to our readers, to the craft, to our words, to ourselves and to countless others to give our very best, to work hard, to be conscientious about the words we use. Good writing requires hard work. In fact, the harder we work, the easier it will be for the reader to understand what we are trying to say, and they may thank us. And maybe they'll even want to read more. We have no idea the impact our words can have.

Choose your words well. Choose to bring life into the world through the things you say. Write well.


Tuesday, February 21, 2012

New Site is up

Welcome to Writers' Rites!

This is a community blog for writers, talking about . . . writing.

Here's a sneak peak about some of the upcoming topics I'll be writing about:
1) The process of writing. Here we'll explore the process of drafting, revising, editing . . . all the things I teach my students in written composition.

2) I'll share some primary "tips" I've learned from teaching writing that should help your writing become stronger.

3) I'll share some of what really happens in the writing process, some of the things that have worked, and some that haven't. I'll also bring in other writers to share their experiences as well.

4) I'll talk about different genres of writing. Again, you'll be hearing from other voices as well on this one.

5) We'll take a look at some famous author bios

6) I'll throw in a few common grammar trends and break them down in ways that hopefully won't be so . . . 7th grade school marm-ish.

7) I'll write some about the submission process, include helpful websites and tips, and encourage you to weigh in as well.

After that . . . we'll see where this goes. Hopefully this can become a writing community where we share our writing experiences, tips, and learn from each other.

And now . . . on with the story . . .